La accesibilidad de los gráficos estadísticos para personas con baja visión y visión cromática deficiente
Revisión del estado del arte y perspectivas
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.65234/interaccion.9Palabras clave:
Accesibilidad, Gráficos estadísticos, Percepción del color, Visión cromática deficiente, Ceguera al color, Daltonismo, Baja visión, Discapacidad visualResumen
Los gráficos estadísticos juegan un papel primordial en diferentes ámbitos de nuestra vida como la información, la educación, la comunicación o la investigación, entre otros. No obstante, los autores y editores de contenido no siempre atienden a criterios de accesibilidad en el diseño y creación de este tipo de contenido. Teniendo en cuenta estas dos premisas, este trabajo presenta una revisión de alcance sobre la accesibilidad de los gráficos estadísticos para personas con discapacidad visual. El resultado de la revisión ha evidenciado un escaso número de trabajos orientados específicamente a los usuarios con baja visión o visión cromática deficiente, centrándose la mayoría de las investigaciones en las personas ciegas o con muy poco resto de visión. Los trabajos analizados recogen cuatro aproximaciones en vistas a mejorar la accesibilidad de este tipo de contenido: alternativas textuales, sonificación, alternativas táctiles y alternativas multimodales. Todas estas alternativas se discuten con la finalidad de evaluar su idoneidad para personas con baja visión y visión cromática deficiente. Finalmente, se explora el mercado tecnológico relacionado con el software para la creación de gráficos estadísticos en vistas a analizar sus posibilidades para incorporar las características y funcionalidades descritas en la literatura para mejorar su accesibilidad.
Abstract
Statistical charts play a primordial role in different areas of our life, such as information, education, communication or research, among others. However, authors and content publishers do not always follow the accessibility criteria in the design and creation of this type of content. Considering these two premises, this work presents a scoping review of the studies related with the accessibility of charts for people with visual impairment. The review shows a small number of works specifically aimed at users with low vision or vision color deficiency, while most studies focus on blind people or on people with severe low vision. The review identifies four approaches to improve the accessibility of statistical charts: text alternatives, sonification, tactile alternatives and multimodal alternatives. In the review the four approaches are discussed to assess their suitability for people with low vision and color vision deficiency. Finally, authoring tools market is explored to uncover actual capabilities to implement the features and functionalities required for accessibility.
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