Una experiencia de co-diseño de robots sociales para el bienestar de las personas mayores en entornos comunitarios

Autores/as

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.65234/interaccion.152

Palabras clave:

Robot social, Personas mayores, Co-diseño, Expectativas

Resumen

En el contexto del envejecimiento poblacional y el creciente interés por las tecnologías asistenciales, el objetivo principal de esta investigación es explorar las expectativas en cuanto al uso de robots sociales en contextos asistenciales o comunitarios para personas mayores, identificar sus características físicas y sociales, y abordar aspectos éticos. Para ello, se llevó a cabo un taller de co-diseño, donde se aplicaron diferentes técnicas de diseño participativo. Los resultados permitieron definir un conjunto de funcionalidades y roles atribuidos a los robots sociales. Asimismo, se identificaron características de diseño, relacionadas con el comportamiento social, la personalidad, los aspectos físicos y de movilidad, la seguridad física, así como la voz y el sonido. En el ámbito ético, se identificaron preocupaciones sobre la transparencia, la seguridad de los datos y consideraciones emocionales, lo que pone de manifiesto la importancia de incorporar estos aspectos desde las etapas iniciales del proceso de diseño. El taller llevado a cabo representa un primer paso hacia el desarrollo de soluciones basadas en robots sociales para personas mayores que sean útiles, viables y responsables desde el punto de vista ético.

Referencias

Axelsson, M., Spitale, M., & Gunes, H. (2024). Robots as mental well-being coaches: Design and ethical recommendations. ACM Transactions on Human-Robot Interaction, 13(2), 1-55. https://doi.org/10.1145/3643457

Axelsson, M., Oliveira, R., Racca, M., & Kyrki, V. (2021). Social robot co-design canvases: A participatory design framework. ACM Transactions on Human-Robot Interaction (THRI), 11(1), 1-39. https://doi.org/10.1145/3472225

Boch, A., & Thomas, B. R. (2025). Human-robot dynamics: a psychological insight into the ethics of social robotics. International Journal of Ethics and Systems, 41(1), 101-141. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJOES-01-2024-0034

Cho, M., Kim, D., Jang, M., Lee, J., Kim, J., Yun, W. H., ... & Jang, C. (2024). Evaluating human-care robot services for the elderly: An experimental study. International Journal of Social Robotics, 16(7), 1561-1587. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12369-024-01157-7

Dawe, J., Sutherland, C., Barco, A., & Broadbent, E. (2019). Can social robots help children in healthcare contexts? A scoping review. BMJ paediatrics open, 3(1), e000371. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjpo-2018-000371

Department of Economic. (2024). World Population Prospects 2024: Summary of Results. Stylus Publishing, LLC.

De Graaf, M. M., Ben Allouch, S., & Van Dijk, J. A. (2015, October). What makes robots social?: A user’s perspective on characteristics for social human-robot interaction. In International Conference on Social Robotics (pp. 184-193). Cham: Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-25554-5_19

De Michelis, C., Ferrari, M., Rozin, T., & Stern, B. (2015). Teaching for Wisdom in an Intergenerational High-School-English Class. Educational Gerontology, 41(8), 551–566. https://doi.org/10.1080/03601277.2014.994355

De Schutter, B., Roberts, A. R., & Franks, K. (2016). Miami six-O: Lessons learned from an intergenerational game design workshop. In Game-based learning across the lifespan: Cross-generational and age-oriented topics (pp. 13-27). Cham: Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-41797-4_2

Gasteiger, N., Ahn, H. S., Lee, C., Lim, J., MacDonald, B. A., Kim, G. H., & Broadbent, E. (2022). Participatory design, development, and testing of assistive health robots with older adults: an international four-year project. ACM Transactions on Human-Robot Interaction (THRI), 11(4), 1-19.

Mahdi, H., Akgun, S. A., Saleh, S., & Dautenhahn, K. (2022). A survey on the design and evolution of social robots—Past, present and future. Robotics and Autonomous Systems, 156, 104193. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.robot.2022.104193

Macalupu Chira, V. A., Rittenbruch, M., Chamorro-Koc, M., & Donovan, J. (2024). Designing the future together: a collaborative designerly approach to socially interactive robots with older adults as co-designers. Journal of Responsible Innovation, 11(1), 2390708. https://doi.org/ 10.1080/23299460.2024.2390708

Ostrowski, A. K., Breazeal, C., & Park, H. W. (2021, August). Long-term co-design guidelines: empowering older adults as co-designers of social robots. In 2021 30th IEEE international conference on robot & human interactive communication (RO-MAN) (pp. 1165-1172). IEEE. doi: 10.1109/RO-MAN50785.2021.9515559.

Potter, S., Hawley, M., Higgins, A., Amirabdollahian, F., Dragone, M., Di Nuovo, A., & Caleb-Solly, P. (2026). Assistive robotics for healthy aging: a foundational phenomenological co-design exercise. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 28, e77179. https://doi.org/10.2196/77179

Rasouli, S., Gupta, G., Nilsen, E., & Dautenhahn, K. (2022). Potential applications of social robots in robot-assisted interventions for social anxiety. International Journal of Social Robotics, 14(5), 1-32. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12369-021-00851-0

Rogers, W. A., Kadylak, T., & Bayles, M. A. (2022). Maximizing the benefits of participatory design for human–robot interaction research with older adults. Human factors, 64(3), 441-450. https://doi.org/10.1177/00187208211037465.

Tunc, S., Nijboer, F., Ludden, G. D., van Velsen, L. S., & Tabak, M. (2023). Scenario-based co-design with older adults: A design case on decreasing loneliness. International journal of design, 17(2), 99-113. https://doi.org/10.57698/v17i2.06

Khaksar, W., Lindblom, D. S., Bygrave, L. A., & Torresen, J. (2025). Robotics in elderly healthcare: A qualitative analysis of 20 recent European research projects. ACM Transactions on Human-Robot Interaction, 14(2), 1-38. https://doi.org/10.1145/3711936

Descargas

Publicado

2026-09-29